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図書 |
図書
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下泉重吉編
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図書 |
図書
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西成甫著
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論文(リポジトリ) |
論文(リポジトリ)
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山田, 格
概要:
Two fold purposes of this article are: to present a new interpretation on the configulation of the mammalian flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, on the one hand, and its implication to the phylogenetical status of Tarsius, on the other.
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Quite contradictorily to the general belief, the mammalian flexor digitorum superficialis is composed of two distinct muscle portions. It was first revealed in human adult anatomy (Yamada, 1986), and confirmed in several species of primates and insectivora examined by the present author (Yamada, 1986; 1987; 1989). In all the prosimian species observed in the present study (8 species), the muscle in question is affirmed to be composed of two independent muscle sections, however, how these two different muscle sections fuse in lemuriformes differs from that of lorisiformes. The composition of the muscle, in phylogenetically controversial Tarsius, is proven to be the lorisoid type. This result gives a strong support for tarsiers to be included in prosimii whereas there are opinions insisting its anthropoid affinity. Gross anatomy has been criticized as too descriptive, or even not scientific. These criticisms are for those anatomists just seeking anomalies or taking to statistical analyses. We have to push strongly forward the analytical gross anatomy which can be brought forth when utilizing onto and phylogenetical assessments.
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| 4.
論文(リポジトリ) |
論文(リポジトリ)
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星野, 嘉恵子
概要:
Nucleolar sizes of the amygdaloid neurons in Nissl preparations from opossum, mole, rat, tupia, bat, cat, howling monkey
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, woolly monkey, macaque, chimpanzee and human were measured using a computerized image analyzer (Videoplan, Contron). The neurons in lateral (M), intermediate (T') and medial (T) principal subnuclei, central (E) and intercalated (K) subnuclei were examined, resulting in the followings : 1) The increasing order of the width of the nucleolar size distribution in every of these four subnuclei was found to be rat→cat→macaque→chimpanzee→human, which roughly corresponds to the ascending order of mammalian phylogeny. Two different types of this widening feature in nucleolar size distribution were identfied. One (T', T) tends to progressively become composed of separate two, rather homogeneous populations with large and small nucleoli, and the other (M, E) is composed of a whole, heterogeneous population. 2) In the cases of T' and T subnuclei, the ratio of the population with small nucleolei to the whole population was found to increase with the phylogenetic ascent, which seemed to result from the increasement in the population of Golgi 11 type cells. 3) In the cases of M and E subnuclei, the heterogeneity seemed to be largely due to multiplication of the sorts of Golgi II type cells. 4) Contrary to that the functional division of amygdaloid complex into two parts is based on a boundary between intermediate and medial principal subnuclei, these two subnuclei showed marked similarity with each other with respect to nucleolar size distribution and their phylogenetic tendencies. Accordingly, from a phylogenetic viewpoint of neuronal organization, these results suggested that the functional boundary should be redefined between lateral and intermediate principal subnuclei.
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