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田口, 洋治 ; 青山, 清道 ; 加藤, 皓一 ; 遠藤, 治郎 ; 中田, 誠 ; 山本, 仁志 ; 高田, 徹
Published: 新潟大学積雪地域災害研究センター研究年報 — 新潟大学積雪地域災害研究センター研究年報.  18  pp.19-32,  1997-03.  新潟大学積雪地域災害研究センター
Full Text Link: http://hdl.handle.net/10191/39173
Abstract: Acid rain and snow that have fallen in Niigata Prefecture revealed characteristics to measure the pH levels and to analyze the components in the rain and snow. Also, the influence of the acid rain and snow on several kinds of trees, evergreen trees and broadleaf trees in a forest of Sado Island was considered. In addition, in mainly Niigata Prefecture, the influence of such acid rain and snow on the soil was also considered. The conditions of some forests in Czech Republic and former East Germany were reported with respect to social and natural conservation. From the measurement of the pH levels and the analysis of components of the fallen snow in Niigata Prefecture, the characteristics of the snow were almost the same as those observed in the snow along the coast of the Sea of Japan from Shimane Prefecture to Akita Prefecture. Using the multiple regression analysis method, the cause for the lower value of pH in the fresh snow has become evident as a result of mainly the sulfate ions contained in the snow. By the analysis of the components and the measurement of pH levels in each different depth of the piled snow, small amounts of chloride ions and potassium ions as well as lower pH levels were observed near the surface. A general characteristic concerning acid rain and snow in the forest, cedar, a kind of evergreen tree, has the capability to include more amounts of acidic deposits than the broadleaf trees because of the cedar's rougher trunk and evergreen leaves. While, the flowdown water of melted snow along the trunks of broadleaf trees was neutralized or relaxed with the basic substances released from the trees. The influence of acid rain and snow on soil is not such a serious problem at the present time. However, from the results of the pH measurement of soil and the amounts of Ieached-elements from the soil, e.g., phosphor, aluminum, calcium, etc., 43% of the sample soils gathered in mainly Niigata Prefecture was estimated to be already acidified. Various field surveys were performed in forests in September 1996. In spite of the limited area in Czech Republic and former East Germany, as many reporters pointed out, large forests were dead due to the acidic rain fall probably coming from the large consumption of brawn coal. A large amount of spruce, a kind of pine tree, was especially to be found dead in various places. Read more
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田口, 洋治 ; 青山, 清道 ; 加藤, 皓一 ; 遠藤, 治郎 ; 山本, 仁志
Published: 新潟大学積雪地域災害研究センター研究年報 — 新潟大学積雪地域災害研究センター研究年報.  17  pp.83-98,  1996-03.  新潟大学積雪地域災害研究センター
Full Text Link: http://hdl.handle.net/10191/39160
Abstract: The pH of snow and rain falling mostly in Niigata City was measured. The anions contained in the snow and rain were also measured. In addition, the influence of such acid snow and rain on the soil, structures and sculptures, and forest and trees was also considered with respect to social and natural conservation. The pH values of the melted snow were mostly between 4.17 and 6.3. However, most of these values were less than 5.6, the value used to identify acid snow and acid rain. The pH values of the rain, meanwhile, were slightly greater than that of the acid snow. The acids, which caused the pH to decrease, were estimated to be sulfuric and nitric. The concentrations of such salts were larger than those of the acids. The snow and rain falling in Niigata City were strongly influenced by the sea breeze containing the salts coming from the Japan Sea which Niigata City faces. From observations of construction materials, some buildings damaged by the acidic snowfall and rainfall have been found in and around Niigata Prefecture. Also, in Eastern Europe, many damaged structures and sculptures were easily found due to the acidic rain and snow fall probably coming from the large consumption of coal. From some field surveys in the forests of Niigata Prefecture, few withered trees due to acid snow and rain have been found, although the possibility such damaged trees should exist. One source of this possibility is the acidified soil. From our measurement of soil pH, 36% of the measured soils were acidified. By analysis of the components leached from the soil with a mixed solution of nitric and sulfuric acids, a relatively small amount of leached phosphate was found along with calcium and manganese. Read more
3.

Article

Article
田口, 洋治 ; 青山, 清道 ; 加藤, 皓一 ; 遠藤, 治郎 ; 山本, 仁志
Published: 新潟大学積雪地域災害研究センター研究年報 — 新潟大学積雪地域災害研究センター研究年報.  16  pp.37-48,  1995-03.  新潟大学積雪地域災害研究センター
Full Text Link: http://hdl.handle.net/10191/39158
Abstract: The pH of snow and rain falling in Niigata City was measured and the anions contained in the snow and rain were also measured. In addition, the influence of such acid snow and rain on the social and natural environment was considered. The pH values of the melted snow were mostly between 4.6 and 5.4, less than 5.5 the value used to identify acid snow and acid rain. The pH values of the rain, meanwhile, were slightly greater than that of the acid snow. The acids, which caused the pH to decrease, were estimated to be sulfuric acid and nitric acid, besides the existence of some salts, e.g., sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate. The concentrations of such salts were larger than those of the acids. The snow and rain falling in Niigata City were strongly influenced by the sea breeze containing the salts coming from the Japan Sea to which Niigata City is facing. The influences of the acidic snowfall and rainfall on structures and sculptures, and on forest and trees were also considered with respect to social and natural conservation. From observations of construction materials, some buildings damaged by the acidic snowfall and rainfall have been found in and around Niigata Prefecture. Also in Eastern Europe, many damaged structures and sculptures were easily found due to the acidic rain fall probably coming from the large consumption of coal. From some field surveys in forests at Niigata Prefecture, few withered trees due to acid snow and rain have been found, although the possibility such damaged trees should exist. One source of this possibility is the acidified soil. From our measurement of soil pH, almost all of the measured soils were acidified. By analysis of the components leached from the soil with a solution mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids, a relatively small amount of leached phosphate was found along with aluminum, calcium and manganese. A large amount of phosphate might have already been dissolved due to the acidification of the soil. Read more